Unit 11.- Grammar.- Past Modals and wishes


Modal and semi-modal verbs


Modal and semi-modal verbs are used to express following functions:

  1. Permission or request: can, could and may, e.g., May I go to the loo?
  2. Ability: can, could, be able to and be capable of, e.g., I could rollerskate when I was 12.
  3. Obligation: must and have to, e.g.,  You must listen to me.
  4. Prohibition: mustn't and can't, e.g., You can't smoke indoors.
  5. Lack of necessity or obligation: don't have to, didn't have to, needn't, didn't need to, and don't need to, e.g., You don't need to wear a uniform in college.
  6. Advice: should, ought to, must, need to and could, e.g., If you have a headache, you should take an aspirin.
  7. Possibility and probability or speculation or deduction: can, may. might, could, must, can't and mustn't, e.g., Nobody's at home, so Susan must be out.
  8. Necessity: must, need to, and have to, e.g., You need to save some money if you want to buy a car.


Toy story introductory video


Past modals
1.- Simple modals: could,  was/were able to, had to, didn't need to and didn't have to., e.g.,We could run fast when we were younger. 

2.- Perfect modal: might have + Past Participle, could 
have + Past Participle, can't have + Past Participle, should have + Past Participle, ought to have + Past Participle, need have + Past Participle and needn't have + Past Participle, e.g.,You should have studied for the final exam.


Past Modals explanation video



Past Modals

1.- Simple modals in past.
1.1.- could.- Past abilities: I could rollerskate when I was twelve.
1.2.- would.- Future in the past.- Before the pandemic, I would be at school at this time.
1.3.- had to.- Past obligations: I had to stop using prints.

2.- Perfect Modals. (See the chart below)



Perfect modals online exercise
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/past-modal-verbs/

I wish by Skee-Lo




Wishes and regrets explanation video




 


Wishes in movie segments video


Collaborative activity

Wishes and regrets individual activity

Individual unit 11 grammar task on Ellevate.





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Wishes and regrets

I wish by Skee-Lo Wishes and regrets explanation video   Wishes in movie segments video Collaborative activity https://test-english.com/gram...